• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Reciprocating motion superconducting linear electrical machine, comprising: an active side (2) with superconducting coils (40); a passive side (3); an anti-radiation screen (5) that surrounds the active side (2) passing through the air gap (4); a flexible cryostat (6), which houses the active side (2), the passive side (3) and the anti-radiation screen (5) in a vacuum condition, and has a side cover (9) formed by a central part (10) rigid and two bellows (11, 12) that flexibly connect the central part (10) with an upper cover (7) and a lower cover (8) integral with the passive side (3); a first (17) and a second (18) cooling circuit to cool, respectively, the superconducting coils (40) to a first operating temperature (T1) and the anti-radiation screen (5) to a second operating temperature (T2); and Refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14) arranged in the central part (10) for the supply of refrigerant to the refrigeration circuits (17, 18) at their corresponding operating temperatures (T1, T2). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2810498A1
    申请号:ES202031108
    申请日:2020-11-04
    公开日:2021-03-08
    发明作者:Rodríguez Luis García-Tabarés；López Javier Munilla；De Toledo Carlos Hernando López；Lorenzo Francisco García；Muñoz Gustavo Sarmiento；Castillo Santiago Sanz
    申请人:Cyclomed Tech S L；Suprasys S L；Wedge Global；Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas CIEMAT；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0003] Field of the invention
    [0004] The present invention is framed in the field of electrical engineering in general and, in particular, in the field of power superconductivity and electrical drives for industry. Among other applications, the invention can be applied to the generation of electricity from sea waves in point absorber type wave converters.
    [0006] It is an electrical machine with a high force density suitable for generating electricity in situations of low speed and high actuation force.
    [0008] Background of the invention
    [0009] The essential problem in electric power drives, and especially in linear drives, is the lower force density compared to the corresponding pneumatic or hydraulic drives. On the other hand, they offer higher working speeds and better performance, so that, depending on the application, they may have greater or lesser advantages for their use. In the particular case of wave power generation, the operating speed is relatively low and the force required is very high, so that conventional electric actuators may not be suitable. It is therefore necessary to maximize the available force density (force per unit mass of the machine) while also guaranteeing high performance.
    [0011] Patent ES2728442-B2, relating to a high force density switched reluctance machine with azimuth geometry of magnetic flux, proposes a machine that reduces the amount of iron in the magnetic circuit to the minimum possible, while also limiting the flow of dispersion, so it is possible to produce the maximum possible force per kilo of machine and excitation ampere. However, the machine has the limitation that it is conventional from the point of view of the conductor used for its windings (resistive copper or aluminum machine) and this makes its size conditioned by the admissible current density, which is around 3 or 4 Amps / mm2.
    [0013] It is necessary to have a linear reciprocating electric machine that solves the drawbacks of resistive coils, and works instead with superconducting coils to increase the specific power and reduce the total weight of the machine. In the present invention it is proposed to use superconducting rather than resistive coils in which current densities can be increased by a factor of 100 and the overall weight of the machine reduced by an equivalent amount.
    [0015] The invention proposes an arrangement applicable to different already known configurations that use resistive coils, in which these are replaced by superconducting coils, for which it is necessary to have a cryogenic cooling system. The invention proposes a configuration of a linear reciprocating machine that uses superconducting coils.
    [0017] The invention can be applied to different types of reciprocating motion linear electrical machines, whether synchronous, synchronous reluctance or switched reluctance with azimuth configuration, as described for example in ES2728442-B2, or with cylindrical or tubular configuration (eg the disclosed in RPG Mendes, MA Calado, SJSP Mariano "Identification of Some Tubular Topologies of Linear Switched Reluctance Generator for Direct Drive Applications in Ocean Wave Energy Conversion." Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering. 2014. Vol 1. WCE 2014. London, July 2014).
    [0019] Description of the invention
    [0020] The present invention relates to a superconducting linear electrical machine that moves in reciprocating motion. The machine can have various applications; among others, applications of power drives and electric generator to obtain energy from the waves of the sea.
    [0022] The configuration of the machine can be of different types, such as synchronous machine, synchronous reluctance or switched reluctance machine (either cylindrical, prismatic or azimuth), in any of which the windings of the active side (fixed part or stator) are superconductors while the passive side (moving part or “Translator”) does not have windings crossed by currents, although it can be equipped with permanent magnets or superconducting magnets, and eddy currents can flow.
    [0024] In any chosen configuration, the active side has to be at a cryogenic temperature (usually below 20K) while the passive side is at a higher temperature. The invention incorporates a deformable cryostat that, on the one hand, maintains the superconducting coils of the active side at their operating temperature and, on the other, adapts to the movement of the passive side and, furthermore, makes the set of the two parts of the machine find it in a vacuum, maintaining the thermal insulation of the exterior.
    [0026] An external cryogenic cooling system is in charge of cooling the superconducting coils on the active side with a gas (for example, helium) that is circulated through cooling ducts arranged in thermal contact with the core of ferromagnetic material. The refrigerant used can be liquid, especially when working at temperatures below 5K (e.g. liquid helium). Once the coils have cooled, the gas used is cooled again by means of heat exchangers and a cryo-cooler, so that it keeps circulating in a closed circuit. By means of a second refrigeration circuit, refrigerant at a temperature in the region of 30K to 80K is circulated around an anti-radiation screen (also called a heat shield) that surrounds the active side. This screen is not metallic (at least the inner face of separation between the active side and the passive side) to avoid induced currents in its interior and, therefore, it cannot be cooled by conduction, but only by circulating a gas flow, at the suitable temperature between 30K-80K, which comes from the cryogenic refrigeration system.
    [0028] The anti-radiation screen thermally separates the active side, which is at a temperature slightly above the coolant that cools it, and the passive side, which can be at a much higher temperature and which would cause the heat radiated from the passive side to the side. active introduces unacceptable losses on the low temperature side. The anti-radiation screen has its own cooling circuit that guarantees that it is in the 30-80K environment, preferably in the 60K-70K range, which drastically reduces the thermal losses associated with the cooling circuit of the superconducting coils. allowing them to operate in a superconducting state.
    [0029] To reduce the thermal losses of the assembly, the active side, the passive side and the anti-radiation screen are introduced into the flexible cryostat, a deformable vacuum container by having two bellows (one in the upper part and the other in the lower part) that they expand and contract as the passive side of the machine moves linearly along one direction or the other. In this way, a cryostat configuration with the smallest possible length is achieved and equal to twice the stroke of the machine (where the stroke is the distance in which it moves in each direction) plus the length of the active side.
    [0031] An application of the superconducting linear electrical machine can be for example a PTO ("Power Take Off") application to generate energy from waves. The particular configuration chosen for the machine can be, for example, a switched reluctance machine. cylindrical (or tubular) by having the following ideal characteristics for this application:
    [0032] • It has a cylindrical geometry, easily adaptable to that of marine energy converters.
    [0033] • The coils are circular with large radii of curvature, which is especially suitable for some materials that make up superconducting cables and that cannot be bent with small radii of curvature.
    [0034] • They have a single air gap between the active side and the passive side. • They do not have a coil head, the entire length of the coil is active and contributes to generating force.
    [0036] In this example, the active side is a slotted cylinder of magnetic material, in which superconducting solenoid coils are housed. In order to work with the least number of superconducting coils, a machine with three phases and two poles per phase is proposed, which leads to having six superconducting coils in six equally spaced slots. In any case, try to work at the lowest possible switching frequency to minimize AC losses in the superconductor.
    [0038] The passive side, on the other hand, is another grooved cylinder, but without windings, constructed from a magnetic material similar to that of the active side. The length of this cylinder will be the sum of the length of the active side plus twice the required travel stroke in each direction.
    [0040] Between both cylinders there is a separation (air gap) that is as small as possible, of the order of a few millimeters. Around the active side there is an anti-radiation screen that surrounds it completely (laterally, it surrounds it on the face that faces the passive side, ie by the air gap) and that will be made of a non-metallic material to prevent that during the operation of the machine is induced in it currents that heat it.
    [0042] The whole assembly is housed in an expandable cryostat, also cylindrical, which has a non-deformable central part, to which are added separate bellows (one above and one below) so that they can be deformed to accompany the passive side in its movement. Inside this cryostat, a vacuum is created to reduce thermal losses. The cryostat is mechanically linked to a piston that drags it following the movement of the sea waves. On the other hand, there are external guides for the movement of the bellows and guarantee that, at all times, they carry out a rectilinear trajectory.
    [0044] Brief description of the drawings
    [0045] Next, a series of drawings will be described very briefly that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof.
    [0047] Figures 1A and 1B show a schematic representation of a reciprocating superconducting linear electrical machine according to a possible embodiment.
    [0049] Figure 2 illustrates in a schematic view the basic internal components of a linear electrical machine with cylindrical geometry according to a possible embodiment.
    [0051] Figure 3 schematically represents another embodiment of the linear electrical machine of the present invention, also with a cylindrical configuration.
    [0053] Figures 4A-4C show perspective and sectional views of the machine of Figure 3, according to a possible embodiment.
    [0054] Figures 5 to 7 illustrate details of different internal components of the machine of Figure 3: active side (Figures 5A-5D), anti-radiation screen (Figures 6A-6C) and passive side (Figure 7).
    [0056] Figure 8 represents the cooling circuits of the active side and the anti-radiation screen, and the power supply of the coils of the active side.
    [0058] Figure 9 shows an embodiment of the present invention applied to a switched reluctance machine with azimuth geometry.
    [0060] Detailed description of the invention
    [0061] Figure 1A schematically shows a longitudinal section of a reciprocating superconducting linear electrical machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The linear electrical machine 1 comprises an active side 2 and a passive side 3. The active side 2 incorporates, for each phase (the linear electrical machine 1 can have one or more phases), one or more superconducting coils wound around a core of ferromagnetic material corresponding to each coil.
    [0063] The passive side 3 faces the active side 2 and is separated from it by at least one air gap 4. The passive side 3 does not incorporate in any case coils carried by electric current, but one or more poles of ferromagnetic material, one or more permanent magnets or a combination of both, depending on the type of machine used. The configuration of the electrical machine 1 can be of any of the different types of known reciprocating linear machines, such as a synchronous machine, a synchronous reluctance machine or a switched reluctance machine.
    [0065] The linear electric machine 1 of the present invention is a linear reciprocating machine, which can act as a motor or a generator, in which the active side 2 is immobile and the passive side 3 is movable according to a reciprocating linear movement in a direction of travel d.
    [0067] The linear electrical machine 1 also comprises a non-metallic anti-radiation screen 5 that completely surrounds the active side 2, leaving the passive side outside 3. The anti-radiation screen 5 is formed by several surfaces or walls that form a closed volume containing the active side 2, at least one of which runs between the active side 2 and the passive side 3, arranged in at least one air gap 4.
    [0069] The linear electrical machine 1 of the present invention has a flexible cryostat 6 that houses the active side 2, the passive side 3 and the anti-radiation screen 4 in a vacuum condition in order to effectively maintain the active side 2 and the screen. anti-radiation 4 under certain temperature conditions. The flexible cryostat 6 is delimited by an upper cover 7, a lower cover 8 and a side cover 9 that define an interior volume in which the vacuum is produced.
    [0071] The upper 7 and lower 8 covers are covers of the flexible cryostat 6 that are rigidly attached to each other. In turn, the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8 are integral with the passive side 3 and are thermally insulated from the passive side 3, through at least one thermal insulating element, since the passive side 3 cannot be in direct contact with any of the cryostat walls (including the top cover, bottom cover, and inside face of the cryostat). At least one of said covers is coupleable, for example, through clamping means, to a linear actuator (not shown in Figure 1A) external to the linear electrical machine 1. The linear actuator is an actuating element, which It is not necessarily part of the linear electric machine 1, in charge of producing a reciprocating linear movement, such as, for example, a piston driven by the movement of the waves of the sea, in the case that the linear electric machine 1 is an electric generator prepared to obtain wave energy. When the linear electric machine 1 acts as a motor, it will impose a reciprocating linear motion on the linear actuator.
    [0073] For its part, the side cover 9 is an external lateral surface of the flexible cryostat 6 that is formed by a rigid central part 10 and by two bellows, an upper bellows 11 and a lower bellows 12.
    [0075] The central part 10 is integral with the active side 2 and with the anti-radiation shield 5 through one or more joining elements. At least one connecting element passes through the heat shield 5 to hold the active side. To keep the temperature of the active side 2 and of the anti-radiation shield 5 unchanged, the joining elements are manufactured (at least the parts that contact the active side 2, that are inserted inside the anti-radiation shield 5 or that come into contact with this), of a thermal insulating material. The central part 10 is attachable to a fixed structure (not represented in Figure 1A) external to the linear electrical machine 1, such as for example a wall or a column of an installation, to keep the active side 2 and the anti-radiation screen 5 immobile.
    [0077] The upper bellows 11 flexibly connects the central part 10 with the upper cover 7. Similarly, the lower bellows 12 flexibly connects the central part 10 with the lower cover 8. In this way, the flexible cryostat 6 can follow the reciprocating movement of the linear actuator, while keeping the active side 2 in a fixed position. In Figure 1A the upper cover 7, the lower cover 8 and the bellows (11, 12) are shown in an intermediate position (z = Z 1 and z = -Z 1 , respectively), while Figure 1B shows the upper cover 7 and the upper bellows 11 in an extreme extended position ( z = Z max ), and the lower cover 8 and the lower bellows 12 in an extreme compressed position (z = -Z min ) due to the displacement of the passive side 3 upwards , in both figures the active side 2 is always fixed in the same position (centered at z = 0).
    [0079] The linear electrical machine 1 has two cooling circuits (not represented in Figure 1A), a first cooling circuit to cool the superconducting coils of the active side 2 at a first operating temperature T 1 and a second cooling circuit to cool the radiation shield 5 at a second operating temperature T 2 . The first operating temperature T 1 is a cryogenic temperature cool enough to ensure that the superconducting coils operate in a superconducting state. Said first operating temperature T 1 will depend on the material used in the coils, and is normally around 10 K. The second operating temperature T 2 is a cold temperature, in most cases also cryogenic (ie lower than 77.36 K, the boiling temperature of nitrogen), but higher than the first operating temperature T 1 , and preferably in the range between 30 K and 80 K.
    [0081] Figure 1A shows the refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14) for the supply of refrigerant to the refrigeration circuits at their corresponding operating temperatures (T 1 , T 2 ). The refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14) are located in the central part 10 of the side cover 9 of the flexible cryostat 6, and include a first refrigerant inlet port 13 for the supply of refrigerant to the first refrigeration circuit to the first operating temperature T 1 , and a second port refrigerant inlet 14 for supplying refrigerant to the second refrigeration circuit at the second operating temperature T 2 . A cryogenic refrigeration system, external to the flexible cryostat 6 and not represented in Figure 1A, is responsible for supplying the refrigerant to the refrigeration circuits at their corresponding operating temperatures (T 1 , T 2 ) through the corresponding ports of coolant inlet (13, 14).
    [0083] In the central part 10 of the side cover 9 of the flexible cryostat 6 there is also provided at least one current input port 15 to provide excitation current to each superconducting coil of the active side 2, having as many current input ports 15 as there are phases. and each current input port 15 having two current inputs. Also available in said central part 10 (or in another part of the flexible cryostat, for example, in the lower cover 8) is a vacuum inlet 16 to establish the vacuum inside the flexible cryostat 6 by means of an external vacuum system, not shown in Figure 1A.
    [0085] In the embodiments shown in Figures 1A and 1B the flexible cryostat 6 has a cylindrical external geometry, where the central part 10 may have the same radius or a different radius (in the example of the figures, a smaller radius) than the radius of the upper cover 7, the lower cover 8 and the bellows (11, 12). The anti-radiation screen 5 represented in these figures is also cylindrical. However, other geometric arrangements and shapes are possible both for the radiation shield 5 and for the flexible cryostat 6, for example a prismatic geometry.
    [0087] Figure 2 shows, according to a median longitudinal section view, a basic and conceptual diagram of the linear electrical machine 1 with cylindrical geometry, where the upper bellows 11 is in an extended position and the lower bellows 12 is in a position. compressed, similar to the position of Figure 1B. In this embodiment, the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8 of the flexible cryostat 6 are rigidly connected to each other through the passive side 3 and thermal insulating elements 20 arranged at the ends of the passive side 3 and directly contacting the passive side 3 with top cover 7 and bottom cover 8.
    [0089] In another embodiment, as shown in the diagram of Figure 3 (also a longitudinal section view), the upper cover 7 and the lower cover 8 of the flexible cryostat 6 are rigidly connected to each other through an internal side wall 26 of the flexible cryostat 6, and the machine has an internal guide cylinder 21 that has guides or bearings 22 for guiding the flexible cryostat 6 and the passive side 3 in its linear motion. The flexible cryostat 6 is mechanically linked to an external linear actuator, such as a piston 30 driven by the movement of the waves. In the left part of Figure 3 the arrangement of the machine is represented when the piston 30 is in its upper position, the upper bellows 11 being stretched and the lower bellows 12 shrunk. In the right part of the figure the arrangement is shown when the piston 30 is in the lower position, with the upper bellows 11 shrunk and the lower bellows 12 stretched.
    [0091] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the invention for an electrical machine that has an active side 2 with superconducting coils and that is surrounded by an anti-radiation screen 5 cooled, by means of a second refrigeration circuit 18, by a cryogenic gas at a second temperature of operation T 2 (in the range between 30 K to 80 K, approximately) and that guarantees that the thermal losses that the refrigerant has to extract from the active side 2 are below the cooling capacity of a cryogenic refrigeration system 19 external to machine.
    [0093] On the other side of the anti-radiation screen 5, and separated by the distance corresponding to the air gap 4, is the passive side 3, which moves in a reciprocating movement. The active side 2 is also cooled by the circulation, through a first refrigeration circuit 17, of a liquid or gas refrigerant at a first operating temperature T 1 necessary for its coils to be superconductive and to carry the operating current. , normally around 10 K. This first operating temperature T 1 may vary for each design depending on the type of superconductor or its working point on the load line.
    [0095] The cryogenic refrigeration system 19 is connected to the refrigeration circuits (17, 18) through corresponding refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14). As cryogenic refrigeration system 19 with double refrigeration circuit, any of those already known in the state of the art can be used, such as that disclosed in patent document WO2016091990-A1.
    [0096] The active side 2, the passive side 3 and the anti-radiation shield 5 are housed in a flexible cryostat 6 made up of a rigid central part 10 and two bellows (11, 12), one located in the upper part and the other in the lower part. , so that as the passive side 3 advances, the flexible cryostat 6 adapts its geometry to the position of said passive side 3. The central part 10 is attached to a fixed structure 23 external to the machine. In turn, the anti-radiation screen 5 is attached to the central part 10 by fastening elements 24 with thermal insulation in the part in contact with the anti-radiation screen 5. Both the linear actuator (piston 30) of the machine and the system of cryogenic refrigeration 19 are external to the flexible cryostat 6, so watertight bushings are used in the central part 10 and in the anti-radiation screen 5 through which the refrigerant is introduced into the refrigeration circuits, electric current is supplied to the superconducting coils, and the vacuum is carried out through the vacuum intake 16.
    [0098] To guide the movement of the bellows (11, 12), a guiding system is arranged on the external external part of the flexible cryostat 6, implemented for example by external lateral guides 25, parallel to the direction of linear movement of the passive side 3 , and a guiding system for the inside external part of the flexible cryostat 6, implemented in the example of the figure by means of bearings 22 located between the internal side wall 26 of the flexible cryostat 6 and the guide cylinder 21. The passive side 3 is fixed by at least one thermal insulating element 27 to at least one of the walls of the flexible cryostat 6, either the upper cover 7, the lower cover 8 or, as in the example shown in the figure, the internal side wall 26.
    [0100] Figure 4A represents a perspective view of an embodiment of the linear electric machine 1 with a cylindrical configuration, where the different external elements of the machine can be seen when it is in an intermediate position. The upper cover 7 has a clamping means, housing 31, through which an external linear actuator, such as a piston 30, can be coupled, prepared to effect an alternative linear displacement. Figure 4B shows a longitudinal mid-section of the machine of Figure 4A and an enlarged detail of the interior of the machine in which the refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14), a current inlet port 15 For one phase of the coils, the active side 2, the passive side 3 and the anti-radiation shield 5 that surrounds the active side 2 and with one of its walls arranged in the air gap 4 that separates the active side 2 from the passive side 3. The vacuum intake 16 is not shown in this figure. Figure 4C represents a longitudinal mid-section of the machine with the lower bellows 12 extended.
    [0102] Details of the linear electric machine 1 of Figure 4A are shown in the figures below.
    [0104] Figures 5A and 5B show the active side 2 in perspective and sectional views, respectively, which incorporates superconducting coils 40 wound around a core of ferromagnetic material 41 corresponding to each coil. Figure 5C shows the current input to one phase of the coils through two current inputs (42a, 42b) of a current input port 15. Figure 5D illustrates a possible embodiment of the first cooling circuit 17 , the cooling circuit of the active side 2. The refrigerant enters said circuit at a first operating temperature T 1 through a refrigerant inlet 46, circulates peripherally through first conduits 47 that cool the core of ferromagnetic material 41 (and with it, to the superconducting coils 40) of the active side 2 and leaves the circuit through a refrigerant outlet 48 of the first refrigerant inlet port 13.
    [0106] Figures 6A-6C show a possible embodiment of the anti-radiation screen 5 with cylindrical geometry, comprising a cylindrical side wall 43 and an upper cover 44, which rests on a support, through which refrigerant is injected into a second operating temperature T 2 coming from the second refrigerant inlet port 14. The upper cover 44 is fixed to the cylindrical side wall 43 through fixing means 45 that ensure good thermal contact between the cooled upper cover 44 and the cooled wall. cylindrical side 43 so that it cools down. Figure 6A shows the anti-radiation screen 5 in a three-dimensional view, Figure 6B a longitudinal section view and Figure 6B shows the anti-radiation screen 5 in transparent mode.
    [0108] Figure 7 shows a detail of the passive side 3, formed by poles of ferromagnetic material 50 or, alternatively, by permanent magnets. Finally, Figure 8 shows the assembly formed by the active side 2, the first cooling circuit 17 in charge of cooling the active side 2 through first conduits 47, a current input port 15 for power supply to a phase of the coils, and the second refrigeration circuit 18 responsible for cooling the anti-radiation screen 5 (of which only the upper cover support 44 and part of the inner side wall are shown) through a few second conduits 51.
    [0110] Figure 9 illustrates a top view of an embodiment of the present invention applied to a switched reluctance machine with azimuthal geometry, such as that disclosed for example in patent ES2728442-B2, in which the active side 2 is represented, the passive side 3, the anti-radiation screen 5 and the flexible cryostat 6 (in particular, its internal side wall 26 and its external side cover 9 with the bellows and the central part). In said figure the anti-radiation screen 5 is shown wrapping the different cores of ferromagnetic material 41 on the active side 2 and the corresponding superconducting coils 40 wound around it, but without wrapping the poles of ferromagnetic material 50 on the passive side 3. At least the walls 53 of the anti-radiation screen 5 that are arranged in the air gaps 4 are non-metallic walls to avoid currents induced therein. In the embodiment of the figure, the poles of ferromagnetic material 50 on the passive side 3 are connected by means of spokes to a cylindrical support structure 54, which in turn is integral through thermal insulating elements 55 to the internal side wall 26 of the flexible cryostat 6 that rigidly connects the upper cover 7 with the lower cover 8. In this way, the reciprocating linear movement of an external linear actuator acting on the upper cover 7 and / or the lower cover 8 of the flexible cryostat 6 is transmitted directly to the passive side 3, and vice versa.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. Reciprocating superconducting linear electric machine, comprising:
    an active side (2), immobile and incorporating one or more superconducting coils (40) wound around a core of ferromagnetic material (41) corresponding to each coil;
    a passive side (3), facing the active side (2) and separated from it by at least one air gap (4), where the passive side (3) is movable according to an alternative linear movement and incorporates one or more poles of ferromagnetic material (50) and / or permanent magnets;
    characterized in that the linear electrical machine (1) additionally comprises:
    an anti-radiation screen (5) that surrounds the active side (2) and with at least one non-metallic wall (43, 53) arranged in at least one air gap (4);
    a flexible cryostat (6) that houses the active side (2), the passive side (3) and the anti-radiation screen (5) in a vacuum condition, and comprising:
    an upper cover (7) and a lower cover (8) rigidly joined to each other and integral with the passive side (3) through at least one thermal insulating element (20, 27, 55), where at least one of said covers ( 7, 8) is coupleable to an external linear actuator (30); Y
    a side cover (9) formed by a rigid central part (10) joined to the active side (2) and to the anti-radiation screen (5) and attachable to a fixed external structure (23), and two bellows (11, 12) that connect respectively in a flexible manner said central part (10) with the upper cover (7) and with the lower cover (8);
    a first cooling circuit (17) for cooling the superconducting coils (40) to a first operating temperature (T 1 ) in which they operate in a superconducting state;
    a second cooling circuit (18) for cooling the anti-radiation screen (5) to a second operating temperature (T 2 ), higher than the first operating temperature (T 1 ); Y
    Refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14) located in the central part (10) of the side cover (9) of the flexible cryostat (6) for the supply of refrigerant to the refrigeration circuits (17, 18) at their corresponding temperatures operation (T 1 , T 2 ).
    [2]
    Linear electrical machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a vacuum intake (16) located in the central part (10) of the side cover (9) of the flexible cryostat (6) to establish the vacuum inside the Flexible cryostat (6) using an external vacuum system.
    [3]
    Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one current input port (15) located in the central part (10) of the side cover (9) of the flexible cryostat (6) to provide exciting current to each superconducting coil (40) of the active side (2).
    [4]
    Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible cryostat (6) is cylindrical or prismatic.
    [5]
    5. Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the flexible cryostat (6) comprises external lateral guides (25), parallel to the direction of linear movement of the passive side (2), for guiding the bellows (11, 12).
    [6]
    Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upper cover (7) and the lower cover (8) of the flexible cryostat (6) are rigidly connected to each other through an internal guide cylinder (21) It has guides or bearings (22) to guide the passive side (3) in its linear movement.
    [7]
    Linear electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the upper cover (7) and the lower cover (8) of the flexible cryostat (6) are rigidly connected to each other through the passive side (3) and of thermal insulating elements (20) arranged at the ends of the passive side (3) and that contact directly with the covers (7, 8).
    [8]
    8. Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-radiation screen (5) is cylindrical or prismatic.
    [9]
    Linear electrical machine according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a cryogenic cooling system (19) external to the flexible cryostat (6) and configured to supply refrigerant to the cooling circuits (17, 18) at their corresponding temperatures operation (T 1 , T 2 ) through the corresponding refrigerant inlet ports (13, 14).
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